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CHOLERA: 



PREPARATION FOR ITS 



Prevention and Cure. 



TESTIMONIALS OF DR. CYRUS HAMLIN, OF CONSTANTINO- 
PLE, AND OTHER EMINENT MEN, WHO TREATED THE 
CHOLERA, WITH UNPARALLELED SUCCESS, IN 
EUROPE AND AMERICA, IN 1848, 1855, AND 1865. 



<fi One Ounce of Prevention is better than a Pound of Cure," 



BOSTON: 



ALFRED MUDGE & SON, PRINTERS, No. 34, SCHOOL STREET. 

1866. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by 

ALFRED MUDGE & SON", 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 



PREFACE 



The compiler of this pamphlet, which contains so 
much valuable information obtained from well authen- 
ticated sources, upon subjects of intense interest, is 
well aware he is not promulgating facts that have 
not already been before the public. But he is fully 
impressed with the belief that there are many persons 
and even educated ones, who have either forgotten, or 
cannot take the trouble to search for and collect the 
information, but will, if it be brought before them, feel 
gratified and thankful for the knowledge that is offered. 
Therefore he sincerely hopes the rules laid down for 
the prevention and cure of Cholera, will be carefully 
observed by every individual in the community, as it 
will save the lives of thousands should the Cholera 
prevail in our midst. "A word to the wise is 
sufficient." 



CHOLERA. 



As the cholera is generally expected to visit America 
the coming season 7 many are already anticipating the 
event with a nervous and undue anxiety, as if it were 
sure to be a scourge and put their lives in imminent 
peril. Now, it is folly taking counsel of weak fear 
instead of listening to the instruction of good sense. 
The chief danger to be apprehended, should the dis- 
ease make its appearance is, not from the disease, but 
from the want of preparation to receive it, and reckless 
and unwise conduct in dealing with it. Consequently, 
the important question is, not how we can escape the 
visitation altogether, but how can we best ward it off 
or reduce it to a light calamity on the whole. The 
first and most obvious answer to be given to this 
question is, we advise all to keep calm ; be rational, 
and cultivate if they do not already possess it, presence 
of mind. But were the disease to prevail to an alarm- 
ing extent with us, this would be the right thing to say 
and emphasize. Nobody ever yet escaped bodily ills 
by getting into a fright about them. Self-posses- 
l* 



sion, the preservation of a cool, cheerful disposition, 
a firm steady will, often prove an overmatch for sick- 
ness. This is more than ever true when an epidemic 
prevails. Another piece of admonition to be volun- 
teered here is, do not try to run away from the cholera, 
or hope to hide yourself where it cannot find you. 
The cholera is a traveller, and goes with the multitude, 
and will be as likely to catch you on the railroad, in 
hotels, at watering places, or wherever people congre- 
gate, as in your own house. If your house is in the 
city, or its neighborhood, the best thing you can do 
probably, is to stay at home. We have no fears that 
the cholera will spread amongst us extensively, or be 
very destructive, if the rules laid down in this pamphlet 
are strictly attended to. 

The following remarks of Worthington Hooker, M. 
D. ; of New Haven, in connection with Dr. Hamlin's, 
will be worthy of notice coming from his pen at this 
particular time." 

" Numberless facts have been gathered touching the 
question whether the cholera is a contagious disease — 
that is, whether it is diffused by some emanation from 
the bodies of the sick ; and the conclusion seems to be 
clearly made out that, while it is now and then con- 
tagious, its ordinary means of diffusion is something 
wholly independent of contagion. In other words, it 
is contingently contagious ; what the contingencies are 



that make it so not being at all obvious. Observe the 
difference, in this respect, between such a disease as 
small-pox and cholera. The former is so commonly 
traceable from one person to another, that we properly 
conclude that it is diffused entirely by contagion. It 
does, indeed, spread more readily at one time than it 
does at another, becoming at times epidemic. Its dif- 
fusion, therefore, depends somewhat on contingencies; 
but this is not what is meant by the expression con- 
tingently contagious, which is so often applied to 
cholera. 

In small-pox, we have a contagious influence always 
present as the essential means of propagating the dis- 
ease, the efficiency of whose action is indeed varied by 
circumstances; but in the case of cholera, the con- 
tagious influence is not essential, but is only occasion- 
ally developed, so as to act in connection with that other 
mysterious cause (whatever it may be) which ordinarily 
spreads the disease. I say, whatever it may be; for 
we do not know what it is, no test, chemical or other- 
wise, having ever detected it. 

Though we know absolutely nothing of the nature of 
this cause, we do know what are the circumstances 
which strongly favor the action of it and of the adjunct 
contagion that now and then accompanies it. These 
are, intemperate habits, especially in drinking, personal 
uncleanliness, uncleanliness around habitations and in 
streets, deficient ventilation, insufficient, poor, and poorly- 



8 



prepared food, &c. — in short, all those causes, which 
have been found, by recent investigations in London, 
New York, and other large cities, to subject the inhabi- 
tants of certain quarters in them so largely to fevers 
and other diseases. 

From what has been said, it is easy to see what we 
should do by way of prevention. First, as individuals, 
we can have such personal habits as will put us in the 
best possible condition of health, and can remove all 
nuisances, small as well as great, from about our dwell- 
ings. Then, as members of the community, we can 
exert our influence in favor of the adoption of all meas- 
ures directed to the removal of the circumstances which 
so decidedly promote the diffusion of the disease. Such 
measures are too often neglected, while money and 
labor are too disproportionately expended on quarantine 
regulations, which can have, at best, but little influence. 

"Philadelphia and New York were once put in strong 
contrast in regard to the results of measures for pre- 
venting the spread of cholera. Philadelphia went into 
a general cleaning up, which New York neglected; and 
the result was that in Philadelphia there were about 
700 deaths by this disease, and in New York, 5,000. 
To say nothing of humanity, it would be excellent 
economy for any city to incur large expense, by way of 
preparation for the cholera, in abating nuisances, using 
that term in its widest sense. And if politicians and 
others could be brought to look things fairly in the face 



and to desire honestly the public welfare, the best and 
most important of all measures would be adopted, viz. : 
the shutting up of all drinking-places. I speak advis- 
edly ; for an abundant and multiform experience testifies 
that the drinking-shop is the chief propagator of the 
cholera, directly, by the intemperance it produces, and 
indirectly, by the nuisances which so cluster in and 
about the habitations of its victims. But such a con- 
summation as the abating of this worst of all nuisances 
is not to be expected at present; and partisan politics, 
love of gain, and fleshly appetite will still conspire to 
sustain the dram-seller in his daily work of destruction, 
and in throwing victims into the jaws of the pestilence, 
whenever it shall come. Secondly, do your duty in the 
care of the sick, and do not be frightened out of it by 
the bugbear of contagion, so much conjured up by 
alarmists. Physicians and nurses are not apt to be 
attacked with the disease, as they certainly would be, 
if it were very contagious. Thirdly, believe in no 
vaunted specific; for it is one of the saddest of the 
facts developed in cholera epidemics, that many are the 
victims of the abundant quackery that so unrelentingly 
pursues its mercenary ends in the midst of scenes of 
suffering and death. Fourthly, live regularly and on 
food that is readily digested, not however restricting 
yourself to so very few articles as some prescribe. All 
the articles of diet ordinarily used by a rational and 
moderate liver, may be eaten by any one in good health 



10 



during the epidemic. Good ripe fruit should not be 
excluded from the regular diet. An unnatural restric- 
tion is really injurious to the health, predisposing, 
therefore, to the disease." 

When cholera is prevalent, there are many affected 
with the symptoms of cholera or cholerine, who must, 
from various causes, fail to have medical advice, — espe- 
cially among the ignorant poor. Here, then, is an 
excellent opportunity for benevolent persons to do a 
great work. By following the direction for stopping 
the incipient diarrhoea or cholerine, with the Mixture 
No. 1, let them go from house to house, and administer 
the remedy. Such an effort as this, systematically pur- 
sued, would very soon limit the ravages of the disease, 
not only from the direct influence of the remedies, but 
also from the cheerful confidence engendered in the 
poor by the sympathy and aid afforded them by those 
who are in a better condition of life. 



THE CHOLERA. 

Dr. Hamlin the well known missionary of the Ameri- 
can Board of Constantinople, writes the following in- 
teresting communication. His experience with the 
cholera, and the high esteem in which he is held, render 
his remarks on this subject at this time invaluable. 

The cholera which has just left us after committing 



11 



fearful ravages, is making its way into Europe, and will 
probably cross the Atlantic before another summer has 
passed. 

Having been providentially compelled to have a good 
degree of practical acquaintance with it, and to see it 
in all its forms and stages during each of its invasions 
of Constantinople, I wish to make to my friends some 
suggestions which may relieve anxiety, or be of practi- 
cal use. 

1st. On the approach of the cholera, every family 
should be prepared to treat it without waiting for a 
physician. It does its work so expeditiously, that while 
you are waiting for the doctor it is done. 

2d. If you prepare for it, it will not come. I think 
there is no disease which may be avoided with so much 
certainty as the cholera. But providential circum- 
stances, or the thoughtless indiscretions of some mem- 
ber of the household may invite the attack, and the 
challenge will never be refused. It will probably be 
made in the night, your physician has been called in 
another direction, and you must treat the case yourself, 
or it will be fatal. 

3d. Causes of attack. I have personally investigated 
at least a hundred cases and not less than three-fourths 
could be traced directly to improper diet, or to intoxi- 
cating drinks, or to both united. Of the remainder, 
suppressed perspiration would comprise a large number. 
A strong, healthy, temperate, laboring man had a severe 



12 



attack of cholera, and after the danger had passed I 
was curious to ascertain the cause. He had been cau- 
tious and prudent in his diet. He used nothing intoxi- 
cating. His residence was in a good locality. But 
after some hours of hard labor and very profuse perspi- 
ration, he had lain down to take his customary nap right 
against an open window through which a very refresh- 
ing breeze was blowing. Another cause is drinking 
largely of cold water when hot and thirsty. Great 
fatigue, great anxiety, fright, fear, all figure among incit- 
ing causes. If one can avoid all these he is safe from 
the cholera as from being swept away by a comet. 

4. Symptoms of an attach. While cholera is preva- 
lent in a place, almost every one experiences more or less 
disturbance of digestion. It is doubtless in part imagi- 
nary. Every one notices the slighest variation of feel- 
ing, and this gives an importance to mere trifles. There 
is often a slight nausea, or transient pains, or rumbling 
sounds when no attack follows. No one is entirely free 
from these. But when diarrhoea commences, though 
painless and slight, it is in reality the skirmishing party 
of the advancing column. It will have at first no single 
characteristic of Asiatic Cholera. But do not be de- 
ceived. It is the cholera nevertheless. Wait a little, 
give it time to get hold, say to yourself " I feel perfect- 
ly well it will soon pass off," and in a short time you 
will repent of your folly in vain. I have seen many a 
one commit suicide in this way. 



13 

Sometimes, though rarely, the attack commences with 
vomiting. But in whatever way it commences it is sure 
to hold on. In a very few hours the patient may sink 
into the collapse. The hands and feet become cold and 
purplish, the countenance at first nervous and anxious, 
becomes gloomy and apathetic, although a mental rest- 
lessness and raging thirst torment the sufferer while the 
powers of life are ebbing. The intellect remains clear, 
bnt all the social and moral feelings seem wonderfully 
to collapse with the physical powers. The patient 
knows he is to die, but cares not a snap about it. 

In some cases, though rarely, the diarrhoea continues 
for a day or two, and the foolish person keeps about, 
then suddenly sinks, sends for a physician, and before 
he arrives "dies as the fool dieth." 



COURSE OP TREATMENT. 

1st. For stopping the incipient diarrhoea. The mix- 
ture which I used in 1848 with great success, and again 
in 1855, has, during this epidemic, been used by thou- 
sands, and although the attacks have been more sudden 
and violent, it has fully established its reputation for 
efficiency and perfect safety. It consists of equal parts 
by measure of 1. Laudanum and Spirits of Camphor. 
2. Tincture of Rhubarb. 30 drops for an adult, on a 
lump of sugar, will often check the diarrhoea. But to 



14 

prevent its return, care should always be taken to 
continue the medicine every four hours in diminishing 
doses, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, when careful diet is all that 
will be needed. 

In case the first dose does not stay the diarrhoea, 
continue to give in increasing doses 35, 40, 45, 60, at 
every movement of the bowels. Large doses will pro- 
duce no injury while the diarrhoea lasts. When that is 
checked then is the time for caution. I have neveF 
seen a case of diarrhoea taken in season which was not 
thus controlled, but some cases of advanced diarrhoea, 
and especially of relapse, paid no heed to it whatever. 
As soon as this becomes apparent, I have always 
resorted to this course : Prepare a teacup of starch, 
boiled as for in use in starching linen, and stir into it a 
full teaspooonful of laudanum for an injection. Give 
one-third at each movement of. the bowels. In one 
desperate case, abandoned as hopeless by a physician, 
I could not stop the diarrhoea until the seventh injec- 
tion, which contained nearly a teaspoonful of lauda- 
num. The patient recovered, and is in perfect health. 
At the same time I use prepared chalk in 10 grain 
doses, with a few drops of laudanum and camphor to 
each. But whatever course is pursued it must be follow- 
ed up, and the diarrhoea controlled, or the patient is lost. 

2d. Mustard poultices. These should be applied to 
the pit of the stomach, and kept on till the surface is 
well reddened. 



15 

3d. The patient, however well he may feel, should 
rigidly observe perfect rest. To lie quietly on the back 
is one-half the battle. In that position the enemy fires 
over you, but the moment you rise you are hit. 

When the attack comes in the form of a diarrhoea, 
these directions will enable every one to meet it suc- 
cessfully. 

4th. But when the attack is more violent, and there 
is vomiting, or vomiting and purging, perhaps also 
cramps and colic pains, the following mixture is far 
more effective and should always be resorted to. The 
missionaries Messrs. Long, Trowbridge, and Washburn, 
have used it in very many cases and with wonderful 
success. It consists of equal parts of Laudanum, 
Tincture of Capsicum, Tincture of Ginger and Tincture 
of Cardamom seeds. Dose, 30 to 40 drops, or half a 
teaspoonful in a little water, and to be increased ac- 
cording to the urgency of the case. In case the first 
dose should be ejected, the second, which should stand 
ready, should be given immediately after the spasm of 
vomiting has ceased. During this late cholera seige 
no one of us failed of controlling the vomiting and also 
the purging by, at most, the third dose. We have, 
however, invariably made use of large mustard poul- 
tices of strong pure mustard, applied to the stomach, 
bowels, calves of the legs, feet, etc., as the case seemed 
to require. 

Collapse. This is simply a more advanced stage of 



16 



the disease. It indicates the gradual failing of all the 
powers of life. It is difficult to say when a case has 
become hopeless. At a certain point the body of the 
patient begins to emit a peculiar odor which I call the 
death odor, for when that has become decided and 
unmistakable, I have never known the patient to re- 
cover. I have repeatedly worked upon such cases for 
hours with no permanent result. But the blue color, 
the cold extremities, the deeply sunken eye, the van- 
ishing pulse are no signs that the case is hopeless. 
Scores of such cases in the recent epidemic have recov- 
ered. In addition to the second mixture, brandy (a 
table spoonful every half hour), bottles of hot water 
surrounding the patient, especially the extremities, 
poulticings and friction will often in an hour or two 
work wonders. 

Thirst. In these and in all advanced cases thirst 
creates intense suffering. The sufferer craves water, 
and as sure as he gratifies the craving the worst symp- 
toms return, and he falls a victim to the transient grati- 
fication. The only safe way is to have a faithful friend 
or attendant who will not heed his entreaties. The* 
suffering may be, however, safely alleviated and ren- 
dered endurable. Frequent gurgling the throat and 
washing out the mouth will bring some relief. A 
spoonful of gum arabic water, or of chamomile tea 
may frequently be given to wet the throat. " Lynden- 
ham's White Decoction " may also be given both as a 



17 

beverage and nourishment in small quantities, frequent- 
ly. In a day or two the suffering from thirst will 
cease. In a large majority it has not been intense for 
more than 24 hours. 

Diet. Rice water, arrowroot, Lyndenham's White 
Decoction, crust water, Chamomile tea, are the best 
articles for a day or two after the attack is controlled. 
Chamomile is very valuable in restoring the tone of the 
stomach. 

The Typhoid Fever. A typhoid state for a few days 
will follow all severe cases ; there is nothing alarming 
in this. It has very rarely proved fatal. Patience 
and careful nursing will bring it all right. The great- 
est danger is from drinking too freely. When the 
patient seemed to be sinking, a little brandy and water 
or arrowroot and braudy have revived him. In this 
terrible visitation of the cholera, we have considered 
ourselves perfectly armed and equipped, with a hand 
bag containing mixture No. 1, mixture No. 2, (for 
vomiting, etc.,) a few pounds of pounded mustard, a 
bottle of brandy and a paper of Chamomile flowers, 
and a paper of Gum Arabic. 

I lay no claim to originality in recommending this 
course of treatment. I have adopted it from sugges- 
tions of able and experienced physicians. Having been 
the only doctor of many poor families living near me, I 
have tried various remedies recommended by physi- 
cians, but I have found none to be at all compared with 

2* 



18 



the above. During the recent cholera I cannot find that 
any treatment has been so successful as this. 

Contagion. The idea of contagion should be aban- 
doned. All the missionaries who have been most with the 
most malignant cases day after day, are fully convinced 
of the non-contagiousness of the cholera. The incipient 
attacks which all have suffered from are to be attributed 
to great fatigue, making the constitution liable to an 
attack. 

An article from the pen of an eminent practitioner is' 
worthy of notice, and the experiment worth trying 
should there be cause for it. 

Allow me to relate the results of my experience 
during the visitation of this horrible malady, in 1832, 
when, as a chemist, I laid myself out for a close ex- 
amination into the cause, mode of propagation, and 
check for it. For this purpose I obtained information 
of and visited in person all the earliest cases which 
showed themselves in this city generally, and in each 
and great public establishments in particular. For 
some time I attended almost daily at the cholera hospi- 
tals, and experimented, in every way I could think of, 
upon the dead and living subjects, their contents and 
ejecta, the atmosphere surrounding them and their 
articles of clothing. The conclusions I arrived at, I 
forwarded for the information of those who have not had 
the same opportunities. 

1. That the cause of Cholera is a putrid animal 



19 

poison, capable of being recognized by the smell, by 
some, emanating from, and surrounding the dead or 
living cholera subject or articles of clothing. 

2. That it is not sulphuretted hydrogen or hydro- 
sulphuret of ammonia, as it does not decompose salts, 
or lead, or zinc, and when passed through nitrate of 
silver it only forms a red solution when exposed to 
light. 

3. That it is only received into the living body 
through the lungs, and cannot be propagated by inocu-. 
lation. 

4. That the affection can be conveyed by articles of 
clothing, bedding, &c. 

5. That all persons are not equally liable to infec- 
tion from equal exposure, and even the same individual 
becomes more sensitive under certain circumstances. 

6. That the poison is destroyed by chlorine gas 
and heat of 300 degrees Fahrenheit. As the object of 
the present communication is merely to give the public 
opinion a right direction, so as to help the future boards 
of health to combat this insidious and powerful enemy, I 
must at once state that the two most popular disinfectants 
of the day, — the chloride of zinc and the nitrate of lead, 
known as Sir W. Burnett's and Le Doyen's, — will be of 
no avail, though they will promptly remove ordinary 
putrid effluvia. The only chemical preventive I de- 
pended upon in my numerous exposures to the virus 
was chlorine gas, and this 1 believe to be a perfect one 



20 



if the fumigation is complete. I invariably passed 
through an atmosphere of it on my return home, and 
kept it escaping in my residence during the continuance 
of the disease in the city. I also placed large quantities 
of the substance for the evolution of this gas in the 
hands of a Bristol druggist, who was kind enough to 
distribute 1200 quantities of it gratuitously to appli- 
cants during three days, with instructions for the use, 
and I am happy to say that during that time the deaths 
fell from ten to one per day ; and I have but little doubt 
that if every ship arriving from any infected place should 
be exposed to a perfect fumigation with chlorine, we 
shall be preserved from the infection. If the disease 
should pass this cordon by any accident, then every 
house in the infected place should be simultaneously 
fumigated with it, say three times a day. Unless done 
in all houses at the same time it would be useless, or 
nearly so ; and to do it effectually, a mixture of three 
quarts of common salt and one of black oxide of manga- 
nese, should be placed just inside the outer or street 
door of the dwelling-house, and a little common vitriol 
poured upon it. The inward current of air will convey 
the chlorine gas to every part of the interior, and 
wherever it can be smelt the effect is produced, — the 
miasm is destroyed. 

If articles of clothing are infected, and the colors 
likely to be injured by the gas, they may be heated in 
an oven or on a kiln to 250 or 300 degrees, (about the 



21 



heat of baking bread,) when they might be handled or 
used with perfect impunity. 



. THE CHOLERA. 

In reference to this subject we have been favored 
with the following extract of a letter from St. Peters- 
burg, written by a gentleman well-known in Manchester 
to the firm here, in which he is a partner : " A very im- 
portant discovery has been made here very recently, 
which clearly proves that the malady is in the air, and 
that therefore quarantines are utterly useless. The air 
here has had a very singular effect on the magnetic 
power. Whilst the cholera was at its height, the action 
of the magnet was nearly neutralized; which, now the 
disease is gradually subsiding, assumes, by degrees, its 
former power. A magnet block which used to carry 
eighty pounds would, during the worst time of the 
cholera, not carry above thirteen pounds. Its strength 
has now increased again to sixty pounds. The electro- 
magnetic telegraph at one time would not work at all." 

[Eng. Paper. 

Much has been said already upon cleanliness, and every 
person should be thoroughly impressed with the knowl- 
edge that it acts as a powerful influence on the health 
and preservation of the body. Cleanliness in our gar- 



22 

merits, as well as in our dwellings, which prevents the 
pernicious effects of dampness, of bad smells and of con- 
tagions vapors arising from substances abandoned to 
putrefy. Cleanliness keeps up a free perspiration, 
renews the air, refreshes the blood, and ^even animates 
and enlivens the mind. Hence we see, that persons 
attentive to the cleanliness of their persons and their hab- 
itations, are in general more healthy and less exposed to 
diseases than those who live in filth ; and it may more- 
over be remarked that cleanliness brings with it, through- 
out every part of the domestic discipline, habits of order 
and arrangement, which are among the first and best 
methods and elements of happiness. Superior cleanli- 
ness often attracts our regard more than even finery 
itself, and often gains esteem where the other fails. 

DIET. 

Perhaps some of our readers would like to know 
Mr. Graham's rules for diet during cholera times. 
"Nearly four months before the cholera appeared in 
New York, Mr. Graham gave a public lecture in that 
city, in which he contended that an entire abstinence 
from flesh-meat and flesh-soups, and from all alcoholic 
and narcotic liquors and substances, and from every 
kind of purely stimulating substances, and the observ- 
ance of a correct general regimen in regard to sleeping, 
bathing, clothing, exercise, the indulgence of the nat- 



23 

ural passions, appetites, &c, &c, would constitute the 
surest means by which any one could rationally hope 
to be preserved from an attack of that disease. Mr. 
Graham repeated the lecture after the cholera had com- 
menced its ravages in the city, and notwithstanding the 
powerful opposition to the opinions which he advanced, 
a very considerable number of citizens strictly adhered 
to his advice. And it is an important fact, that of all 
who followed his prescribed regimen uniformly and 
consistently, not one fell a victim to that fearful disease, 
and very few had the slightest symptoms of an attack." 
Another writer, who was very successful in his treat- 
ment of the cholera in Germany, says diet should be 
very strict; fish, (eels particularly), fruits, salads and 
fresh beer are injurious; diet should be light and nutri- 
tious. Cleanliness must be particularly observed, fresh 
air inhaled, dwellings and bed-rooms well-ventilated. 

Eat Light Suppers. Dr. Childs, in his treatise on in- 
digestion, recommends light suppers to prevent morn- 
ing biliousness. He says, that after fasting, the liver 
is most fully charged with bile; and as the period of 
longest abstinence is between the evening meal and 
breakfast, it follows that there will always be toward 
morning a natural accumulation of bile, which* may 
produce morbid voracity. Hence, many who are bilious 
in -the morning, feel themselves relieved after break- 
fast — in other words, after some bile has been drained 
from the liver. 

2 



24 



SPECIAL RULES FOR THE PREVENTION OF 
CHOLERA. 

We urge the necessity in all cases of diarrhoea, 
cholera-morbus, and cholera, of instant medical aid. 
Therefore it becomes necessary for every household to 
see to it, that they have constantly on hand the medicine 
mixture No. 1 and No. 2, that was used with so much suc- 
cess by Doctor Hamlin, of Constantinople, for cholera. 
Immediate attention should be paid to a disordered 
state of the bowels however slight. Invasion of the 
cholera may thus be readily prevented. People should 
avoid excessive fatigue and exposure to damp and cold, 
during the night. The use of cold drinks and acid 
liquors should not be used under fatigue, or when the 
body is heated. Cold acid fruits, and vegetables, are 
to be avoided. The use of ardent and fermented 
liquors and tobacco is injurious. Poor diet, and the 
use of impure water for cooking and drinking, should 
be avoided. Let the wearing of wet and insufficient 
clothed be avoided, and be particular to wear flannel, 
(red is the best), around the bowels. These rules, with 
personal cleanliness, carefully observed, will not only 
tend to keep off cholera, but many other diseases with 
which the human family are afflicted. "All men think 
all men mortal but themselves." 












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.W4WvV/wi 



•v^wanWK 



Ma 






